Mine transportation is more important to mine production. What are the methods of mine transportation? In terms of power, the transportation methods of open-pit mines can be divided into manpower transportation and mechanical transportation; from the perspective of road facilities, the transportation methods of open-pit mines can be divided into track transportation and trackless transportation.

(1) Railway transportation. Railroads can be laid in open-pit mines with a large mining area and a slower slope, and the transportation method of locomotive traction trains to transport ore can be used. The main equipment for railway transportation includes tracks, mine cars, locomotives and auxiliary equipment. According to the power of the locomotive, it can be divided into electric locomotives and diesel locomotives; according to the different gauges, it can be divided into standard-gauge railway transportation (gauge is 1435mm) and narrow-gauge railway transportation (gauges are 600mm, 762mm and 900mm). The same for underground mines. However, in large open-pit mines, large-scale electric locomotives are used to tow large-scale dump trucks, and their carrying capacity can reach 60-80t, or even greater. Electric locomotive transportation must set up power supply lines. Its characteristics are: suitable for long-distance transportation, large transportation volume, low transportation cost; small climbing ability, large infrastructure engineering volume, large investment, long infrastructure construction time; large migration workload; with the increase of open-pit mining depth, transportation The efficiency drops significantly. Therefore, it is suitable for mines with large reserves, wide area and long transportation distance.

Large-scale open-pit mines mostly use standard-gauge railway transportation; in small and medium-sized open-pit mines and quarries, narrow-gauge railway transportation or man-powered carts are mostly used, and winches or stepless rope hoisting combined transportation are used in slope sections.

(2) Road transportation. The main vehicles for road transportation in open-pit mines are dump trucks, and small mines and quarries often use tractors, motorized tricycles, and even animal-powered vehicles and man-drawn vehicles. Advantages: This mode of transportation is flexible, convenient to transport, adaptable, and has strong climbing ability. Disadvantages: Greatly affected by weather conditions, especially difficult to drive during the rainy season, ice and snow; high freight and high maintenance costs. Dump trucks are used more and more widely in open-pit mines and have a tendency to replace railway transportation.

(3) Slope hoisting transportation. Slope hoisting transportation means using a hoist to lift or lower the slope bucket or mine cart on the slope track, and use other transportation methods on the upper and lower planes of the slope. The slope skip is a special carrying container on the ramp. Compared with the string car, the transportation capacity is large, and the possibility of sports car accidents is less. However, the installation and unloading facilities need to be erected, which is not as flexible as the string car. Gravity can also be used on the ramp to achieve hoisting and transportation. The gravity hoist is driven by the weight of the ore to rotate, and the other (or the other end) steel wire rope is used to lift the empty car through the winding or friction of the hoist, thereby completing the lowering of the heavy car and the empty car. Up. The speed of the vehicle is adjusted by the slope of the track and the brakes. This method is suitable for small open-pit mines on hillsides.

(4) Slope towing trolley for transportation. On the ramp, use a wire rope to hoist or lower the trolley. This mode of transportation has low investment, simple equipment and convenient use, but has low transportation capacity and is only suitable for small quarries with short distances and small slopes.

(5) Self-slipping transportation of ore. Use the elevation difference and terrain of the mining area to dig a chute or surface chute, and use a motor vehicle or other transportation equipment to transport the ore to the chute or chute. This kind of transportation is simple, low operating cost, and transportation capacity can be large or small, but it must have suitable terrain conditions, especially suitable for mountain mines, and can greatly reduce vehicle transportation accidents.

(6) Human transportation. Manpower transportation is divided into rail man-powered mining carts and flatbed carts.

(7) Aerial ropeway transportation. Aerial ropeway transportation is a mode of transportation in which the mine bucket is suspended by a steel wire rope erected in the air. With the movement of the traction wire rope, the mine bucket also moves with it. It can directly cross large rivers and valleys without erecting bridges and culverts, reducing the amount of earth and rock, and shortening the transportation distance. It is a relatively effective ground transportation method for some mountainous and complex topographic mines in my country.